Tag: ORNA
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M&A can take years.And sometimes… the deal dies before it starts.
There are many cases whereCompany A wants to buy Company B.Company B also wants to be bought. But the documents are nowhere near audit-ready. More than one set of accounting books.Numbers don’t reconcile.Key information depends on only one person. These are very common issues for small companies. So even if you’re not planning to sell…
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Legal, Accounting & FA (Financial Advisor): Why you need all 3 in M&A
Because Legal cannot value a business, Accounting cannot review contracts, and FA cannot audit financial statements. That’s why in an M&A (Merger & Acquisition), you need all 3 parties. After due diligence, if there are no hidden skeletons in the closet, the financials are audited, and the FA has completed the valuation, both buyer and…
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Why we usually need 3–5 years of historical performance in business valuation
Sometimes a company’s performance looks like a wave —up one year, down the next. This doesn’t always mean the business is unstable. It could be: Looking at several years helps us identify patterns, not just numbers. For example: Very often, we see cases where revenue remains strong, but net income drops sharply in certain years.When…
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Valuing a Business That Doesn’t Last Forever
A client recently asked us to value a business — but it will only last for another 20 years. This is common for concession-based businesses (e.g. utilities, infrastructure, mining, ports). Valuing these businesses is very different from valuing a “normal” operating company. In most valuations, we assume the business will operate forever (the going-concern assumption),…
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How do you do a valuation when the owner’s income is mixed with expenses?
“We own the company, we also manage it.So sometimes we get paid via dividends… sometimes via expenses.” When valuing family businesses, this is actually very common. Owner compensation is often mixed into: So the financial statements don’t always show the real operating cost of the business. As a consultant, what we usually do is ask…
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One of the most common challenges in M&A: Price
A customer recently called to discuss a company they were considering investing in. The discussions had been going on for months.Both parties were genuinely interested. Everything moved forward smoothly —until the conversation reached one topic: price. After evaluating the target company, it became clear that the buyer’s price and the seller’s price were far apart.Very…
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“Why DCF looks clean on paper but is messy in real life”
Today I’m stuck in a DCF (Discounted Cash flow) model. Not because the formula is hard. But because I’m scrolling through hundreds of asset rows, checking purchase dates one by one, just to understand:– what was real CAPEX– what was replacement– and what should (or shouldn’t) be repeated in the forecast In theory, CAPEX is…
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“Does your business valuation reflect the actual performance after the M&A deal?”
A customer asked me this today. Short answer: No — we don’t usually go and check. The thing is a valuation isn’t a crystal ball.It doesn’t tell you exactly how the business will perform. What it does give you is a logic-based price range built from assumptions, scenarios, and the information available at that point…
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💡 “Back-to-Back Investments”: There is no such thing as a free lunch.
Some business opportunities look attractive at first glance. No upfront investment.Cash inflows match cash outflows and it seems like a free lunch – but is it? Recently, we reviewed a proposal where a company would earn revenue from an asset that it doesn’t even own — the asset is leased, and the rental income is…
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Valuing a new project is NOT the same as valuing an existing business.And honestly… it shouldn’t be treated the same.
When we value an existing company, we have real evidence:📌 Actual performance📌 Actual margins📌 Actual customer behavior📌 Actual industry benchmarks But when we value a new project?We walk into a room full of assumptions. Verified assumptions, yes — but still assumptions. And assumptions do one dangerous thing:They love to look more beautiful than reality. That’s…
ORNA Company Limited 